What Family Of Animals Is A Rabbit
| Rabbits and hares[1] Temporal range: Eocene-Holocene | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Arctic hare (Lepus arcticus) | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Form: | Mammalia |
| Society: | Lagomorpha |
| Family unit: | Leporidae Fischer de Waldheim, 1817 |
| Blazon genus | |
| Lepus Linnaeus, 1758 | |
| Genera | |
| Pentalagus | |
Leporidae is the family of rabbits and hares, containing over 60 species of extant mammals in all. The Latin discussion Leporidae ways "those that resemble lepus" (hare). Together with the pikas, the Leporidae constitute the mammalian order Lagomorpha. Leporidae differ from pikas in that they have short, furry tails and elongated ears and hind legs.
The common name "rabbit" commonly applies to all genera in the family except Lepus, while members of Lepus (almost half the species) unremarkably are chosen hares. Similar nigh common names, however, the distinction does non friction match current taxonomy completely; jackrabbits are members of Lepus, and members of the genera Pronolagus and Caprolagus sometimes are called hares.
Various countries beyond all continents except Antarctica and Commonwealth of australia take indigenous species of Leporidae. Furthermore, rabbits, well-nigh significantly the European rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus, also have been introduced to most of Oceania and to many other islands, where they pose serious ecological and commercial threats.
Characteristics [edit]
Leporids are pocket-sized to moderately sized mammals, adapted for rapid movement. They accept long hind legs, with 4 toes on each human foot, and shorter fore legs, with v toes each. The soles of their feet are hairy, to improve grip while running, and they have potent claws on all of their toes. Leporids also have distinctive, elongated and mobile ears, and they take an fantabulous sense of hearing. Their eyes are large, and their night vision is good, reflecting their primarily nocturnal or crepuscular way of living.[2]
Leporids are all roughly the same shape and fall within a small-scale range of sizes with brusk tails, ranging from the 21 cm (viii in) long Tres Marias cottontail to the 76 cm (thirty in) long desert hare. Female leporids are nearly e'er larger than males, which is unusual among terrestrial mammals, in which males are normally the larger sex.[3]
Both rabbits and hares are almost exclusively herbivorous (although some Lepus species are known to eat carrion),[4] [5] feeding primarily on grasses and herbs, although they too eat leaves, fruit, and seeds of diverse kinds. They are coprophagous, as they pass food through their digestive systems twice, first expelling information technology as soft dark-green feces, called cecotropes, which they then reingest, eventually producing hard, night fecal pellets. Like rodents, they accept powerful front incisor teeth, simply they too take a smaller second pair of incisors to either side of the main teeth in the upper jaw, and the structure is different from that of rodent incisors. Likewise like rodents, leporids lack whatsoever canine teeth, but they do take more cheek teeth than rodents do. Their jaws also incorporate a large diastema. The dental formula of most, though not all, leporids is: 2.0.3.3 one.0.2.3
They have adjusted to a remarkable range of habitats, from desert to tundra, forests, mountains, and swampland. Rabbits generally dig permanent burrows for shelter, the exact form of which varies between species. In dissimilarity, hares rarely dig shelters of whatever kind, and their bodies are more than suited to fast running than to burrowing.[2]
The gestation menstruum in leporids varies from around 28 to 50 days, and is more often than not longer in the hares. This is in part considering young hares, or leverets, are born fully adult, with fur and open up eyes, while rabbit kits are naked and bullheaded at nativity, having the security of the burrow to protect them.[2] Leporids can have several litters a year, which can cause their population to aggrandize dramatically in a brusk fourth dimension when resource are plentiful.
Reproduction [edit]
Leporids are typically polygynandrous, and have highly developed social systems. Their social hierarchies determine which males mate when the females get into rut, which happens throughout the year. Gestation periods are variable, simply in full general, college latitudes correspond to shorter gestation periods.[6] Moreover, the gestation time and litter size correspond to predation rates every bit well. Species nesting below basis tend to have lower predation rates and have larger litters.[7]
Evolution [edit]
Serengetilagus praecapensis skull, Naturkundemuseum, Berlin
The oldest known leporid species appointment from the late Eocene, by which time the family was already present in both Due north America and Asia. Over the course of their evolution, this group has become increasingly adapted to lives of fast running and leaping. For example, Palaeolagus, an extinct rabbit from the Oligocene of North America, had shorter hind legs than modernistic forms (indicating information technology ran rather than hopped) though it was in near other respects quite rabbit-like.[eight] Two as even so unnamed fossil finds—dated ~48 Ma (from China) and ~53 Ma (Bharat)—while primitive, display the characteristic leporid ankle, thus pushing the divergence of Ochotonidae and Leporidae nevertheless further into the past.[9]
The cladogram is from Matthee et al., 2004, based on nuclear and mitochondrial gene analysis.[10]
Classification [edit]
Family unit Leporidae:[1] rabbits and hares
- Genus Pentalagus
- Amami rabbit/Ryūkyū rabbit, Pentalagus furnessi
- Genus Bunolagus
- Riverine rabbit, Bunolagus monticularis
- Genus Nesolagus
- Sumatran striped rabbit, Nesolagus netscheri
- Annamite striped rabbit, Nesolagus timminsi
- Genus Romerolagus
- Volcano rabbit, Romerolagus diazi
- Genus Brachylagus
- Pygmy rabbit, Brachylagus idahoensis
- Genus Sylvilagus
- Subgenus Tapeti
- Swamp rabbit, Sylvilagus aquaticus
- Andean tapetí, Sylvilagus andinus
- Bogota tapetí, Sylvilagus apollinaris
- Ecuadorian tapetí, Sylvilagus daulensis
- Mutual tapetí, Sylvilagus brasiliensis
- Fulvous tapetí, Sylvilagus fulvescens
- Dice's cottontail, Sylvilagus dicei
- Primal American tapetí, Sylvilagus gabbi
- Northern tapetí, Sylvilagus incitatus
- Omilteme cottontail, Sylvilagus insonus
- Nicefor's tapetí, Sylvilagus nicefori
- Marsh rabbit, Sylvilagus palustris
- Suriname tapetí, Sylvilagus parentum
- Colombian tapetí, Sylvilagus salentus
- Santa Marta tapetí, Sylvilagus sanctaemartae
- Western tapetí, Sylvilagus surdaster
- Coastal tapetí, Sylvilagus tapetillus
- Venezuelan lowland rabbit, Sylvilagus varynaensis
- Subgenus Sylvilagus
- Desert cottontail, Sylvilagus audubonii
- Mexican cottontail, Sylvilagus cunicularis
- Eastern cottontail, Sylvilagus floridanus
- Tres Marias cottontail, Sylvilagus graysoni
- Robust cottontail, Sylvilagus holzneri
- Mountain cottontail, Sylvilagus nuttallii
- Appalachian cottontail, Sylvilagus obscurus
- New England cottontail, Sylvilagus transitionalis
- Subgenus Microlagus
- Brush rabbit, Sylvilagus bachmani
- Subgenus Tapeti
- Genus Oryctolagus
- European rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus
- Genus Poelagus
- Bunyoro rabbit, Poelagus marjorita
- Genus Pronolagus
- Natal crimson rock hare, Pronolagus crassicaudatus
- Jameson's red rock hare, Pronolagus randensis
- Smith's red rock hare, Pronolagus rupestris
- Hewitt'due south red rock hare, Pronolagus saundersiae
- Genus Caprolagus
- Hispid hare, Caprolagus hispidus
- Genus Lepus
- Subgenus Macrotolagus
- Antelope jackrabbit, Lepus alleni
- Subgenus Poecilolagus
- Snowshoe hare, Lepus americanus
- Subgenus Lepus
- Chill hare, Lepus arcticus
- Alaskan hare, Lepus othus
- Mountain hare, Lepus timidus
- Subgenus Proeulagus
- Tamaulipas jackrabbit, Lepus altamirae
- Black-tailed jackrabbit, Lepus californicus
- White-sided jackrabbit, Lepus callotis
- Cape hare, Lepus capensis
- Tehuantepec jackrabbit, Lepus flavigularis
- Black jackrabbit, Lepus insularis
- Scrub hare, Lepus saxatilis
- Desert hare, Lepus tibetanus
- Tolai hare, Lepus tolai
- Subgenus Eulagos
- Broom hare, Lepus castrovieoi
- Yunnan hare, Lepus comus
- Korean hare, Lepus coreanus
- Corsican hare, Lepus corsicanus
- European hare, Lepus europaeus
- Granada hare, Lepus granatensis
- Manchurian hare, Lepus mandschuricus
- Woolly hare, Lepus oiostolus
- Ethiopian highland hare, Lepus starcki
- White-tailed jackrabbit, Lepus townsendii
- Subgenus Sabanalagus
- Ethiopian hare, Lepus fagani
- African savanna hare, Lepus microtis
- Subgenus Indolagus
- Hainan hare, Lepus hainanus
- Indian hare, Lepus nigricollis
- Burmese hare, Lepus peguensis
- Subgenus Sinolagus
- Chinese hare, Lepus sinensis
- Subgenus Tarimolagus
- Yarkand hare, Lepus yarkandensis
- Subgenus incertae sedis
- Japanese hare, Lepus brachyurus
- Abyssinian hare, Lepus habessinicus
- Subgenus Macrotolagus
- Genus †Serengetilagus
-
- †Serengetilagus praecapensis
-
- Genus †Aztlanolagus
-
- †Aztlanolagus agilis
-
Predation [edit]
Predators of rabbits and hares include raccoons, snakes, eagles, canids, cats, mustelids, owls and hawks. Animals that eat roadkill rabbits include vultures and buzzards.
See likewise [edit]
- Cecotrope
- Mara (mammal)
- Viscacha
References [edit]
- ^ a b Hoffman, R.South.; Smith, A.T. (2005). "Order Lagomorpha". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.One thousand (eds.). Mammal Species of the Earth: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 194–211. ISBN978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
- ^ a b c Chapman, J.; Schneider, E. (1984). MacDonald, D. (ed.). The Encyclopedia of Mammals . New York: Facts on File. pp. 714–719. ISBN978-0-87196-871-5.
- ^ Ralls, Katherine (June 1976). "Mammals in Which Females are Larger Than Males". The Quarterly Review of Biology. 51 (2): 245–276. doi:ten.1086/409310.
- ^ Best, Troy Fifty.; Henry, Travis Hill (1994). "Lepus arcticus". Mammalian Species. American Guild of Mammalogists (published ii June 1994) (457): ane–9. doi:10.2307/3504088. JSTOR 3504088. OCLC 46381503.
- ^ "Snowshoe Hare". eNature: FieldGuides. eNature.com. 2007. Archived from the original on 16 January 2009. Retrieved 23 March 2008.
- ^ Chapman, Joseph A. (1 September 1984). "Latitude and Gestation Period in New Globe Rabbits (Leporidae: Sylvilagus and Romerolagus)". The American Naturalist. 124 (3): 442–445. doi:10.1086/284286. JSTOR 2461471.
- ^ Virgós, Emilio; Cabezas-Díaz, Sara; Blanco-Aguiar, José Antonio (1 Baronial 2006). "Evolution of life history traits in Leporidae: a test of nest predation and seasonality hypotheses". Biological Journal of the Linnean Gild. 88 (4): 603–610. doi:ten.1111/j.1095-8312.2006.00646.10. ISSN 1095-8312.
- ^ Barbarous, R.J.G.; Long, M.R. (1986). Mammal Evolution: an illustrated guide . New York: Facts on File. pp. 128–129. ISBN978-0-8160-1194-0.
- ^ Handwerk, Brian (21 March 2008). "Easter Surprise: World's Oldest Rabbit Bones Found". National Geographic News. National Geographic Order.
- ^ Matthee, Conrad A.; et al. (2004). "A Molecular Supermatrix of the Rabbits and Hares (Leporidae) Allows for the Identification of Five Intercontinental Exchanges During the Miocene". Systematic Biology. 53 (three): 433–477. doi:x.1080/10635150490445715.
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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leporidae
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